![]() ![]() ![]() Related: Fight or flight: The sympathetic nervous system The peripheral nervous system consists of nerves that connect every other part of the body to the central nervous system, according to the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (opens in new tab). ![]() The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord. The nervous system controls both voluntary action (like conscious movement) and involuntary actions (like breathing), and sends signals to different parts of the body. The lymphatic system also removes excess lymph fluid from bodily tissues, and returns it to the blood. Its main job is to make and move lymph, a clear fluid that contains white blood cells, which help the body fight infection, according to the Cleveland Clinic. The lymphatic system includes lymph nodes, lymph ducts and lymph vessels, and also plays a role in the body's defenses. The system is made up of I lymph nodes, the spleen, bone marrow, lymphocytes (including B-cells and T-cells), the thymus and leukocytes, which are white blood cells. The immune system is activated when antigens (proteins on the surface of bacteria, fungi and viruses) bind with receptors on immune cells, alerting the body to their presence and kicking the immune system into gear, according to Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG) (opens in new tab). The immune system is the body's defense against bacteria, viruses and other pathogens that may be harmful. For example, one of the glands in the pancreas - called the endocrine gland - releases hormones called insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar. These hormones, in turn, travel to different tissues and regulate various bodily functions, such as metabolism, growth and sexual function, according to Johns Hopkins Medicine (opens in new tab). The endocrine system consists of a network of glands that secrete hormones into the blood. The liver and pancreas also play a role in the digestive system because they produce digestive juices filled with enzymes to break down the components of your food, such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins, according to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (opens in new tab). It includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. #Essential anatomy 5 series#The digestive system consists of a series of connected organs that together, allow the body to break down and absorb food, and remove waste. According to the Cleveland Clinic (opens in new tab), the human body's network of blood vessels, veins and capillaries is over 60,00 miles (around 96,560 kilometres) long. It consists of the heart, blood, blood vessels, arteries and veins. The job of the circulatory system is to move blood, nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hormones, around the body. ![]()
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